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<text id=94TT1821>
<title>
Dec. 26, 1994: The Best Science of 1994
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
Dec. 26, 1994 Man of the Year:Pope John Paul II
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE BEST & WORST OF 1994, Page 146
The Best Science of 1994
</hdr>
<body>
<p>1. Crash of the Century.
</p>
<p> If you've gotta go, go with a bang. That's what Comet Shoemaker-Levy
9 did last July. Nearly two dozen mountain-size chunks of this
fragmented interplanetary wanderer slammed into Jupiter, creating
2,000-mile-high fireballs and sooty smudges on the planet's
cloud tops that were visible from backyard telescopes. Scientists
learned much about Jupiter's atmosphere, about comets, and even
about how a similar impact on earth might have killed off the
dinosaurs. For most onlookers, though, it was just a fantastic
show.
</p>
<p>2. Gotcha!
</p>
<p> Physicists think six types of quarks are the building blocks
of all the particles within atomic nuclei. They had found the
first five by 1977, and now the top quark, the sixth and heaviest,
has been identified at Fermilab, near Chicago. It took 440 scientists
to spot the top, which disintegrates in an infinitesimal fraction
of a second.
</p>
<p>3. Genetics Marches On
</p>
<p> Breast cancer and severe obesity can both be deadly, and now
there is evidence that both can result from faulty genes. Treatments
are years away, but the discoveries are big steps toward that
goal.
</p>
<p>4. Bones from Way Back
</p>
<p> Until this year the famed Lucy and her fellow members of the
species Australopithecus afarensis were the oldest known members
of the human family. No more: at 4.4 million years of age, the
newly unearthed Australopithecus ramidus is the closest link
yet (no longer missing) to the common ancestor of apes and humans.
A second major find: Homo erectus, the first of Lucy's descendants
to leave Africa, made that move about 800,000 years earlier
than had been thought. Anyone want an obsolete paleontology
book, cheap?
</p>
<p>5. New Worlds at Last
</p>
<p> It's official: astronomers finally have irrefutable evidence
of a solar system beyond our own. But fans of alien life can't
celebrate yet: the three confirmed planets are orbiting the
dim remnant of a star that exploded long ago.
</p>
<p>6. Sensible Food Labels
</p>
<p> The U.S. Food and Drug Administration implemented a radical
idea last spring: food labels that are useful to consumers.
Packagers now have to display data on cholesterol, fat, protein,
sodium, carbohydrates and vitamins--and, where appropriate,
reveal how much of the recommended daily allowance of these
nutrients a serving of the food provides. The most startling
requirement: the numbers must be based on a realistic serving
size, not one too small to satisfy a hummingbird.
</p>
<p>7. Melrose Place?
</p>
<p> Don't fret that you're missing out on all the fun. The most
scientific sex survey ever says it just isn't true that typical
Americans--especially singles--are out having wild erotic
adventures. Most of us are monogamous, married couples have
the best and most frequent sex, and adultery is relatively uncommon.
</p>
<p>8. Easier Test-Tube Babies
</p>
<p> In vitro fertilization is an arduous process in which a woman
is pumped full of drugs that force several of her eggs to mature
before they are removed from her body. But a new technique involves
taking out immature eggs and bringing them to maturity outside
the mother. Possible benefits: freedom from harsh drugs, lower
cost and maybe even a better success rate.
</p>
<p>9. Those Loving Dinos
</p>
<p> They were mean and bloodthirsty, sure, but such dinosaurs as
Tyrannosaurus rex may well have had a more caring side. The
clue is the discovery of a fossilized embryo from a carnivorous
dinosaur: an oviraptor found in Mongolia. The embryo was lodged
in a nest, which also contained bones from other tiny dinos
that mother oviraptor might have eaten while watching over her
sharp-toothed darlings. Apparently even prehistoric monsters
knew how to parent.
</p>
<p>10. A Save in Space
</p>
<p> Russia's once mighty space program nearly lost one of the few
bragging points it has left when a resupply ship had trouble
docking with space station Mir last summer. If a final try had
not succeeded, cosmonauts would have had to leave Mir unmanned
for the first time in five years.
</p>
<p>...And The Worst
</p>
<p> Microscopic Mass Murderers
</p>
<p> The arrival of the real-life thriller The Hot Zone on the best-seller
list, plus outbreaks of cholera, tuberculosis, Legionnaire's
disease, hantavirus, plague and--yes--the flesh-eating version
of streptococcus bacteria, have driven home a frightening truth:
the war against infectious diseases is nowhere near over. In
fact, because of drug-resistant bacteria and newly emerging
viruses, medical science actually seems to be losing ground.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>